EXPLANATORY REPORT
Lugano Convention 2007

by Professor Fausto Pocar
(Holder of the Chair of International Law at the University of Milan) (2009/C 319/01)

Chapter I General Considerations

• 1. Preliminary observations and history of the revision
• 2. Nature and purpose of this explanatory report

• 1. Structure
• 2. Material scope (Article 1(1) and (2))
• 3. The parties subject to the obligations imposed by the Convention (Article 1(3))
• 4. The relationship between the Convention and the Brussels I Regulation (Article 64)

• 1. General provisions
  • 1. The general rule of jurisdiction (Article 2)
    • a) The domicile of natural persons (Article 59)
    • b) The domicile of companies and other legal persons (Article 60)
  • 2. The inapplicability of national rules on jurisdiction (Article 3)
  • 3. Defendant not domiciled in a State bound by the Convention (Article 4)
• 2. Special jurisdiction
  • 1. General
  • 2. Contracts (Article 5(1))
  • 3. Maintenance obligations (Article 5(2))
  • 4. Tort, delict and quasi-delict (Article 5(3))
  • 5. Actions arising out of a crime (Article 5(4))
  • 6. Company branch offices (Article 5(5))
  • 7. More than one defendant and action on a warranty or guarantee (Article 6(1) and(2))
• 3. Protective jurisdictions
  • 1. Insurance (Articles 8 to 14)
  • 2. Consumer contracts (Articles 15 to 17)
  • 3. Individual contracts of employment (Articles 18 to 21)
• 4. Exclusive jurisdictions
  • 1. General
  • 2. Immovable property (Article 22(1))
  • 3. Companies (Article 22(2))
  • 4. Intellectual property rights (Article 22(4))
• 5. Prorogation of jurisdiction
  • 1. General (Article 23)
  • 2. Connection with a State bound by the Convention
  • 3. The exclusive or non-exclusive nature of the prorogation clause
  • 4. Formal requirements for the prorogation clause
  • 5. Implied prorogation of jurisdiction (Article 24)
• 6. Examination as to jurisdiction
  • 1. Exclusive jurisdiction of another court (Article 25)
  • 2. Defendant does not appear (Article 26)
• 7. Lis pendens — related actions
  • 1. Lis pendens (Articles 27, 29 and 30)
  • 2. Related actions (Article 28)
• 8. Provisional, including protective, measures

• 1. General
• 2. Recognition
  • 1. Public policy (Article 34(1))
  • 2. Infringement of the rights of a defendant in default of appearance (Article 34(2))
  • 3. Irreconcilability between judgments (Article 34(3) and (4))
  • 4. Jurisdiction of the court of origin (Article 35)
  • 5. Abolition of review of the law applied by the court of origin (Article 36)
  • 6. Appeal against the foreign decision for which recognition is sought (Article 37)
• 3. Enforcement
  • 1. Declaration of enforceability: first stage (Articles 39-42 and 53-56)
    • (a) Court or competent authority (Article 39)
    • ( b) The application (Articles 40 and 53-56)
    • (c) Decision completing the first stage and declaration of enforceability (Articles 41-42)
  • 2. Declaration of enforceability: second stage (Articles 43- 46)
    • (a) Appeals against the decision on the declaration of enforceability (Articles 43-44)
    • (b) Scope of review on an appeal under Article 43 (Article 45)
    • (c) Further appeals (Article 44)
    • (d) Appeal against the foreign judgment whose enforcement is sought (Article 46)
• 4. Provisional and protective measures (Article 47)
• 5. Other provisions concerning enforcement
  • (a) Enforcement in respect of certain matters only; partial enforcement (Article 48)
  • (b) Judgments ordering periodic penalty payments (Article 49)
  • (c) Legal aid (Article 50)
  • (d) Securities for costs, taxes, fees or duties (Articles 51-52)

• 1. Authentic instruments (Article 57)
• 2. Court settlements (Article 58)

• 1. General provisions (Articles 59-62)
  • 1. Domicile (Articles 59-60)
  • 2. Unintentional offences in criminal courts (Article 61)
  • 3. Definition of the term ‘court’ (Article 62)
• 2. Transitional provisions (Article 63)

• 1. Conventions covering the same matters (Articles 65 and 66)
• 2. Conventions in relation to particular matters (Article 67)
• 3. Conventions concerning obligations not to recognise (Article 68)

• 1. Signature, ratification and entry into force (Article 69)
• 2. Accession (Articles 70-73)
• 3. Denunciation, revision of the Convention and amendment of the Annexes (Articles 74-77)

• 1. Protocol 1 on certain questions of jurisdiction, procedure and enforcement
• 2. Protocol 2 on the uniform interpretation of the Convention and on the Standing Committee
  • 1. General
  • 2. The obligation to have regard to precedent (Articles 1 and 2)
  • 3. Exchange of information on national and Community judgments (Article 3)
  • 4. The Standing Committee of representatives of the contracting parties (Article 4)
  • 5. Meetings of experts (Article 5)
• 3. Protocol 3 on the application of Article 67 of the Convention